The organizational theory of concept Essay Example for Free

The hierarchical hypothesis of idea Essay â€Å"The hierarchical hypothesis of idea includes the dynamic transaction amoung people in associations, groups and administration practices, and the association itself.†(Hellriegel Slocum, 2004 PG. 29) The creators characterize a participative style of administration as one the requires the pioneer to maintian two-way correspondence and to help supporters in the utilization of their skills. Ms. Winfrey drives her association through a participative style. She shares the dynamic with gatherings of individuals or on a coordinated premise with able workers. She immovably belives that she doesn't generally have the correct answers, as appeared by an announcement she made concerning a sucide note written in 1981, â€Å"I sobbed for the ladies I was then† (Garson, 2004, p. 42). She is cited as saying, â€Å"It is tied in with pulling in great individuals. I have consistently attempted to encircle myself with individuals who are more astute in manners that I am not.† (Howard, 28 May 2006) Ms. Winfrey additionally empowers contribution from associates and staff. Winfrey’s book club dispatch in September of 1996 is an ideal case of this. She depended on the assessments of others to associate her in the determinations of the highlighted novel. Her makers and staff individuals are key components in the introducing and the choice of new show tapes, just as, magazine content. (Howard May 2006)  â â â â â â â â â â Oprah is an unfathomably fasscinating individual. She is loaded with enthusiasm, modesty, and quality. She approaches individuals with deference, much like my folks instructed me to. Her folks, similar to mine, had faith in advanced education and ensured she got the most ideal training, much like dig accomplished for me. Ms. Winfrey has incerdible self-assurance, as do I. For instance after I had gotten a degree in bookkeeping and worked for just a year, I totally changed vocations to nursing. That in itself took unfathomable self-assurance. I have faith in Ms. Winfrey’s participative style and I use it myself in all parts of my life. At work, I generally look for the team’s contribution to arranging care for a patient. I propel my group to cooperate to accomplish the degree of association that is required for understanding fulfillment. On the home front, open correspondence and family based dynamic is vital. Everybody is engaged with the dynamic procedure, and family time holds us intently together. I am glad for my achievements as a parent, spouse, and graduate understudy, and I urge my kids to hold individuals, for example, Oprah Winfrey in high respect. I urge them to utilize her and other like her as a good example, while disclosing to them that â€Å"they need to do it their way, since she did it her way†. I am constantly utilizing insight and compassion much likeâ â Ms. Winfrey to speak with individuals. I practice and ecourage other to effectively listen when others are talking, and, to the exclusion of everything else, I generally attempt to put myself in anothers shoes. Ms. Winfrey applies power with moxy. She can move her staff, associates, and crowds through her enormous scope compassionate work as well as through her own life. For eample, she made her Angel Network in 1997 to give cash to a wide assortment of noble cause. On a progressively close to home note, Ms Winfrey was enlisted into the Hall of Fame for National Assoicosiaction for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). She motivates trust inside her oragnizations since she is a skilled pioneer and she attempts to encircle herself with compentent individuals. She is appealling, and extremly persuasive. This impact can be found in the absence of tabliod news about Ms. Winfrey. For instance, her medication use, the self destruction note, and her dead kid were totally uncovered utilizing her television show as the stage. These are typically grub for the tabliods, and are normally uncovered against a people will.â While a few embarrassments do go back and forth for Oprah, the overall population puts stock in her and will in general excuse her imperfections and mix-ups. Concerning her impact she is cited as saying, â€Å"When I started my syndicated program I was so excited to have the open door that I never considered the gigantic impact TV could have. Presently I feel the force and the tremendous responiblity that accompanies it.† (adler, 1997, p. 60) She depends on referent and prize capacity to offer thanks and thankfulness to her staff. She offers appreciation and appreciation to her staff through expressions of reverence. She luxuriously endowments them, particularly arround the special seasons. A case of her prize force is the top of the line excursions to hawaii that she gave awayt o each staff part a couple of years prior. The excursions included top of the line aircraft tickets, remains a five-star resorts and going through cash for them and their families.

Evaluation Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Assessment - Term Paper Example The multi-faceted idea calls for equivalent value, qualification, and benefits, regardless of sexual orientation, age, race, religion, ethnicity, capacities, social-monetary foundation, or incapacity. The conviction has prompted an enormous change in the board rehearses for the most part in preparing, enrollment, and maintenance of laborers who mirror the changing essence of the workforce. The conversation in this paper looks at a portion of the idea of assorted variety the executives rehearses learned in the class. Something that I have found out about myself with respect to decent variety is that the race arrangement in America is vastly different from that of China. By and by, I am a global understudy from China. In the course of the most recent couple of months, I have come to understand that the approaches in America are entirely different from those of China. For examples, in America there are on the whole races of individuals. Fascinatingly, I have not seen instances of separation based on race or shading. Without a doubt, separation of any demonstration particularly on grounds of race contrast can render one to be captured and be indicted as needs be. I have discovered that the hidden standards of working environment the executives decent variety ought to be incorporated with the parts of human asset the executives. These perspectives incorporate choice, preparing, enlistment, improvement, and execution evaluation. All organizations ought to be resolved to grasp assorted variety. In purpose of truth, decent variety in the work environment causes a firm to construct great affinity with the network while upgrading the commitment of the laborers. Moreover, I have discovered that decent variety enables an association to improve the nature of items and administrations conveyed. Fruitful firms center around consolidating the standards of decent variety in their way of life framework. There are a few parts of decent variety the executives that I have gain recognition with over the span of the examination. I was absolved of the information that killing separation

Essay About Yourself - Creating A Bond With Yourself

Essay About Yourself - Creating A Bond With YourselfWhat does it take to write an essay about yourself? Writing the essay can be really challenging. This is because the essay becomes an attempt to explore your inner self.I think the biggest challenge that I think most people run into when they start thinking about writing an essay about themselves is the fact that it becomes an exploration of yourself. A lot of people, when they want to write an essay about themselves, end up trying to do so in the sense that they are trying to go through their life chronologically and then try to trace back the roots of their identity. The problem with this is that it is very hard to accomplish in a way that is organized and linear. We are not all born equal and some of us will inevitably start at a different point in our lives than others.It can also be hard to trace back your own journey to the moment you were born. What happens when you write the essay about yourself and find that you are actuall y talking about the birth of your child? This can become very complicated in some ways.Essays about yourself are also difficult because your body and life changes so quickly and you have to be able to adapt to new circumstances. One of the biggest challenges that I think most people face is adapting to a new career or social environment. Some people even become so used to their lifestyle and social group that they feel like they no longer need to even write about themselves.When you are getting ready to write the essay about yourself, what you need to do is make a very special bond with yourself. That bond should be formed by bonding with the topic of your essay. In order to be successful, you should try to form a bond that connects the topic of your essay to your own life.When you are writing the essay about yourself, you should be willing to work on the material for several months. This is going to help you connect the material that you are writing to your own life.Your essay abou t yourself will also be successful if you have some sort of theme in your essay. For example, if you are writing about why you decided to be a writer, you might want to talk about why you wanted to write the topic of your essay about yourself. The point is that you want to express to yourself what it was that attracted you to the idea of writing.You also want to make sure that you have an emotional distance from the topic. You don't want to pour your heart out when you are writing about yourself. Rather, you want to draw inspiration from others and make connections with other ideas that you can use in your essay about yourself.

Similarities In The Opposition. Ideas Do Not Prove Their

Similarities in the Opposition Ideas do not prove their value until they withstand the challenge of being questioned. On the surface, professor Craig Martin and anthropologist Clifford Geertz approach analyzing religion with opposing views. Martin dismisses definitions of religion claiming that no definition can encompass the practical use of the word and instead provides a step by step approach to explaining beliefs and actions in the perspective of a methodological atheist. Geertz, however, provides a working definition broken into a five-part model to make it a useful tool. Upon further analysis of these two methods, the once contradicting ideas begin to work in unison with each other. Martin’s functionalist approach and the definition†¦show more content†¦Martin discusses the uses of the hermeneutics of suspicion for his second step in his approach. He believes it is important to remain suspicious of the cultural element being examined and presume it is false. Gee rtz, in the second part of his definition, states that a system of symbols â€Å"acts to establish powerful, pervasive and long-lasting moods and motivations in men† (Geertz, 1993). This statement is in agreeance with the suspicious mindset provided by Martin, as Geertz also does not confirm any religious beliefs to be true. He uses the word â€Å"acts† to show that the cultural elements function in a specific way, not to prove their factual accuracy. His definition demonstrates the unity of individual components in a culture and how they function. Both methods do not approach religion with yes or no questions but rather seek the answer to why it functions in particular ways and how it continues to exist. In life, there are questions that have answers unable to be proven with facts of science, which leaves a lot of room up for interpretation. As previously stated, neither Martin nor Geertz tries to prove religious facts but rather explains them in terms of how they fun ction in the practical world. Martin’s last step in the methodological atheist approach is to provide a functionalist explanation as to why the cultural element persists in societies. In investigating this function, Martin must analyze all parts of Geertz’s definition. TheShow MoreRelated Comparing Dictators Adolf Hitler versus Benito Mussolini versus Joseph Stalin1660 Words   |  7 Pagesis most important. The difference and similarity between their ideology, usage of propaganda censorship and the method of improving the economy would be stated and explained through examples. Basically, their ultimate aim was the same, they all tried to make their country better. However, there was their own ambition wanting for power included in their ruling which was probably why they all ended up dictating their county. They all abolished the democracy idea and used similar methods to rule theirRead MoreThe Theme Of Indifference In Night And Night1292 Words   |  6 Pagesthe S triped Pajamas, a film directed by Mark Herman, is also an impressive work that demonstrates the idea of indifference. The movie was based off of a fiction novel written that tells the story of a Nazi soldier’s son named Bruno that befriends a Jewish boy he meets at a nearby concentration camp. Although both works are presented through different viewpoints, they still have many similarities in how they present the theme of indifference. First, indifference is displayed in Night through the NaziRead MoreA Walk In The Woods And Barry Brysons An Entrance To The Woods993 Words   |  4 Pagesbeen alone at evening in wilderness places that I am not familiar with† (Berry 719). He goes on to prove â€Å"the sense of impending human catastrophe† by evoking emotion, as the idea of humans’ unfamiliarity with nature rises in his piece (Berry 275). Berry describes his surroundings with nostalgic and melancholic qualities, which produces a darker mood and a somber layer to his expedition. In opposition to Berry’s piece, Bryson’s greater intent in writing his story involves triggering some laughs. BrysonRead More Buddhism Essay1562 Words   |  7 Pagesaccepted now as it was thousands of years ago? Would it be shunned by society as another â€Å"cult† movement? What conflicts or similarities would it find with modern science; physics in particular? The answers to these questions are the aim of this paper, as well as a deeper understanding of modern Buddhism. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Although I will stick with traditional ideas raised by Buddhism, one detail in the story of Siddartha Guatama must be addressed in order for it to be relevant to the mainRead MoreCritical Analysis Of Hester Prynne748 Words   |  3 Pagesreaders. He uses words such as â€Å"Adultery. Alpha. Abel. Adam. A. America.†(Lawrence) in order to state his opinion instantly, so as to leave the rest of his piece strictly focused on analysis. Using words that all begin with the same letter, shows similarity between them despite the fact that they are not synonyms. He makes the point that they all describe Hester, because he believes she can portray all of these traits, without being able to disregard her sins. He would make the argument that The ScarletRead MoreAmerica s Current Political Events And Values899 Words   |  4 Pagesgood. Almost eerily this matched the United States invading the middle east looking for revenge. In recent years the focus has shifted from fighting united, to fighting those who do not share the same political views. The Democratic party leader Hilary Clinton runs a campaign based on liberal views. Whilst h er opposition, the leader of the republican party Donald trump is appealing to those who think radical change is necessary to â€Å"make America great again.† America is currently divided politically;Read MoreNothing1505 Words   |  7 Pages1. Attempt A Marxist Reading of Jane Austen’s â€Å"Pride amp; Prejudice. Ans. :- Marxism is basically the idea that society is driven by money and the economy. In Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice for example, Mrs. Bennett is the height of Marxism since her singular goal is to marry off all her daughters to wealthy men. Another example is that almost every character except Elizabeth and Darcy is preoccupied with the income of their potential partner. Since the Bennetts are brought up within an upperRead MoreSimilarities And Differences Between The Human Mind And Science, History, And Literature1486 Words   |  6 Pagesthem at all. Symbolic Anthropologists advocated the use of â€Å"a variety of tools from psychology, history, and literature† to conduct their anthropology (McGee and Warms 2004:525). The work of Sapir and Whorf had made revolutionary claims about the idea of knowledge and the mechanism behind its transmission. Symbolic anthropology could use this as a base with which to launch assumptions about knowledge and culture; science, after all, isn’t primary or even essential in these processes. The humanRead MoreThe Benefits of a High Immigrant Population Essay1560 Words   |  7 Pages migration law) wishes for a policy that will increase the ease at which immigrant workers from countries such as Mexico can come work in the United States. He states the following points â€Å" (1) Increase the quality of the workforce, (2) bring new ideas and know-how to U.S. Firms, which can lead to innovation, (3) transfer new skills and knowledge to their native coworkers, (4) increase diversity in the workplace...† Now lets take the time to look at each one of these points individually. IncreasingRead MoreDifferences Between Hylas And Philonous1191 Words   |  5 PagesAbstract ideas pertaining to epistemology in philosophy are almost as old as the concept of philosophy itself. Dating back to thinkers such as Aristotle, carrying on throughout the medieval period and into modern philosophy, abstracts have always been grappled with. George Berkeley’s epistemology about abstract ideas has historically been one that has drawn the attention of many other scholars and philosophical thinkers. His thoughts on ideas, specifically his expansion of Locke’s general abstract

What Are Pie Charts and Why Are They Useful

One of the most common ways to represent data graphically is a pie chart. It gets its name by how it looks: a circular pie that has been cut into several slices. This kind of graph is helpful when graphing qualitative data, where the information describes a trait or attribute and is not numerical. Each trait corresponds to a different slice of the pie. By looking at all of the pie pieces, you can compare how much of the data fits in each category. The larger a category, the bigger its pie piece will be. Big or Small Slices? How do we know how large to make a pie piece? First, we need to calculate a percentage. Ask what percent of the data is represented by a given category. Divide the number of elements in this category by the total number. We then convert this decimal into a percentage. A pie is a circle. Our pie piece, representing a given category, is a portion of the circle. Because a circle has 360 degrees all the way around, we need to multiply 360 by our percentage. This gives us the measure of the angle that our pie piece should have. Using a Pie Chart in Statistics To illustrate the above, let’s think about the following example. In a cafeteria of 100 third graders, a teacher looks at the eye color of each student and records it. After all 100 students are examined, the results show that 60 students have brown eyes, 25 have blue eyes and 15 have hazel eyes. The slice of pie for brown eyes needs to be the largest. And it needs to be over twice as large as the slice of pie for blue eyes. To say exactly how large it should be, first find out what percent of the students have brown eyes. This is found by dividing the number of brown-eyed students by the total number of students and converting to a percent. The calculation is 60/100 x 100 percent 60 percent. Now we find 60 percent of 360 degrees, or .60 x 360 216 degrees. This reflex angle is what we need for our brown pie piece. Next look at the slice of pie for blue eyes. Since there are a total of 25 students with blue eyes out of a total of 100, this means that this trait accounts for 25/100x100 percent 25 percent of the students. One quarter, or 25 percent of 360 degrees, is 90 degrees (a right angle). The angle for the pie piece representing the hazel-eyed students can be found in two ways. The first is to follow the same procedure as the last two pieces. The easier way is to notice that there are only three categories of data, and we have accounted for two already. The remainder of the pie corresponds to the students with hazel eyes. Limitations of Pie Charts Pie charts are to be used with qualitative data. However, there are some limitations to using them. If there are too many categories, then there will be a multitude of pie pieces. Some of these are likely to be very skinny and can be difficult to compare to one another. If we want to compare different categories that are close in size, a pie chart does not always help us to do this. If one slice has a central angle of 30 degrees, and another has a central angle of 29 degrees, then it would be very hard to tell at a glance which pie piece is larger than the other.

The Korean War - 1641 Words

During the times of the 1950’s the whole world was in a state of unrest, the downfall of Hitler in Europe had left an enormous swath of land that was half occupied by the allies and half occupied by the USSR(Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) which were communist. On the other side of the world in the pacific theater Japan had succumbed to the force of the United States and was defeated leaving all their conquered territory up for grabs. A specific region of interest that was given up by Japan were the Koreas which were divided into two countries that we know today as North Korea and South Korea. Conflicts erupted between both the communist north and the capitalist south, North Korea invaded South Korea and the United States had to step†¦show more content†¦In North Korea, communism ruled supreme in government and in South Korea a more capitalist approach was prevalent in their government. . The spread of communism didn’t stop and kept its march downward thro ugh the peninsula at a steady pace. â€Å"On June 25th, 1950 75,000 North Korean troops poured into South Korea which kick started the beginning of the Korean War. This lead to a civil war between North and South Korea which was soon brought to international attention when the U.S. came to the aid of South Korea and the Peoples republic of China (PRC) came to the aid of North Korea.†1 The United States agreed that the spread of communism should not be allowed to continue its advance into South Korea, arriving to the decision that military action would be required. The Americans knew that the invasion of South Korea by North Korea was just a mask of the advance of communism into the region. â€Å"In July, just a few months after the wars beginning American troops landed in South Korea to help stop the invading force of North Koreans.†2 The North Korean invasion came as an alarming surprise to American officials. As far as they were concerned, this was not simply a borde r dispute between two unstable dictatorships on the other side of the globe. Instead, many feared it was the first step in a communist campaign to take over the world. It was because of this reason that

Leadership in a Hotel Industry -.com

Question: Disucss about the importance of Leadership and Motivation in a Hotel Industry. Answer: The Importance Of Leadership And Motivation In A Hotel Industry Leadership and motivation are major pillars in modern age where marketing an industry and maintaining customers has been the major challenge. Motivation of both the employees and customers is a factor that the management of any institution tries to their level best to control or keep in check. Team motivation is critical since it causes change of parameters that are in control. (Burke and Barron, 2014). Leaders need to focus on productivity and connect with employees to draw talented results of their performance. (Schoemaker, Krupp and Howland , 2013). Leadership of institutions has put aside large monies to cater for motivation but in due cause no fruitful result. The work majors on relationship between leadership and motivation of employees and major role of leadership towards motivation in hotel industry. Research Philosophy It is defined by research paradigm that is a broad framework which includes beliefs, perceptions and understanding of several theories and way to carry out research (Cohen, L. Manison, L and Morrison, K.R.B,(2007)). These give the guideline on how the research will be conducted. Realism philosophy mainly concentrates in the reality and beliefs that are already exist in the environment. (McMurray, Pace and Scott 2004) Critical realism argues on experiences of a situation (Sekaran and Bougie 2010) In the hotel industry is one of the most dependent labour forces that dependent on the number of hours employees work. In this industry everything is dependent on staff from preparation to services to customers. How well all these services and works are done depends on the management of the workers. Those in the management of the members of staff hold the success or failure of the industry. (Miller, Walker Drummond, 2007) Current management tends to use better ways instead of power tactics of the past. The power tactic has proved to counterproductive. The motivating of workers has given the best outcome (Manning Curtis, 2009) Interpersonal skill of guest and staff in the hotel industry is also very important trait in leadership. Listenining, questioning, negotiating and interacting with stakeholders of hotel industrial is crucial. (Eikenberry, K., 2007) Previous researches have shown that the leadership style in the hotel industry is a key factor in the success of management of the employees. The style of leadership in which motivation is a pillar has a scope of discussion. Ambrose and Kulik (1999: 232) describe how work motivation can be measured using both attitudinal (e.g. job satisfaction) and behavioural (e.g. job performance) measures. This research employs both attitudinal (job satisfaction, affective organizational commitment and work meaning) and behavioural measures of work motivation Data Collection Methods The study adopted a descriptive cross-sectional survey research design. According to Polit and Beck (2010), this design necessitates a more economical collection of data at one point in time and is fundamental in objective analysis due to timing similarity. In the hotel industry, the research uses experimental methods to test the influence of motivation among the employees in the industry. All the data used included primary. Direct observation is used to collect primary data. Data collection was based on the research questions (Sekaran Bougie, 2013.) In the research topic depends on who, how, when thus is finding out the role of leadership and the management then the study is descriptive (Cooper and Schindler, 2011) According to Sekaran and Bougie (2013) the descriptive studies help the researcher to: 1)have enough understand the characteristics of a group under study which are employees and leaders in the hotel industry 2) In a given order think about aspects in a given situation 3) forecast on future scope of research to be undertaken and 4) critical in making decision. The study undertakes survey with the objectives of measuring the attitudes, opinions, knowledge, behaviours and awareness both inside and outside the organization (Zikmund, Babin, Carr Griffin, 2010). In the process of data collection and making use of survey gives control over the whole research process and after the sampling process the outcomes serve as the representative of population, (Neuman, W. L., 2014). Population is defined as a group of objects or persons that are under study for statistical purpose (Collis Hussey, 2009). The population consists of both managerial and non-managerial staffs. Departments including finance, human resources, housekeeping and food and beverages (kitchen service). The population is heterogeneous in nature that is it involves different groups. The nature of population being heterogeneous in nature in order to apply single random sampling, the data first is divided into homogeneous groups of managerial and non-managerial using stratified sampling method. A simple random sampling technique was used since all the elements in the population have equal chances of being selected (Cooper Schindler, 2011). The population under study includes different departments and thus considered as strata. Simple random sampling involves one selecting a sample at random in the sampling frame using random tables, a computer random number generator (Saunders et. al., 2009). A questionnaire is the data collection technique that survey uses (Quinlan, 2011). The descriptive design serves the research as it investigates the role of leadership and motivation and performance. A principle about a sample is that the smaller the population is that larger the sample should be to give more accurate outcomes (Quinlan, 2011). According to Zikmund et. al ( 2010) the sample should consider the variance of the population that is heterogeneity, the acceptable error of study and finally the confidence interval. Data Analysis Technique The data that will be collected will be analyzed using the descriptive methodology since the most prevailing question how the management and motivation affects job outcome. In the analysis the data is prepared by editing, coding and entry in the statistical software to ensure the appropriateness for the analysis (Cooper and Schindler, 2011). Data coding is the process of assigning a particular response with number with a given database (Sekaran Bougie, 2013). Descriptive statistics catered measures of tendency including the mean, median and mode. Frequencies were obtained and presentation made on chart, tables, and graphs and cross tabulation. Inferential analysis was used to make conclusions of the sample that forecasted the population (Quinlan, 2011). The binary logistic model was used to give the leadership styles and motivation of the workers. Motivation can be discussed in three dimensions of due to how rewarding will be done, efforts will result by rewarding and profitability of rewarding (Newstrom, 2011). Sekaran and Bougie (2013) notes the challenges that can be faced by researchers attempting to administer respondent-completed surveys within organizations as opposed to surveys of individuals or households. The software for analysis that coding was coded in and analysis was done in statistical software for social sciences (SPSS). Ethic Issues The fundamental issues that any business must face are integrity and trust. The hotel industry have the responsibility to develop codes of conduct and ethics that ever member of any organization should follow to the letter. In the research consist of three levels of ethics which can be review as self, group and future ethics. The members of staff that include all workers and the leadership departments, the discipline of time management, etiquette to other workers and customers is very essential for growth and development of industry. The services provided by the workers in the hotel industry should ensure that acceptable to customers and also ethical. Dress code should be neat and acceptable, (Tashakkori C. Teddlie, 2003). These are the ethics that govern even the management in the organization. The leaders should observe them to the letter. These ethics are important in decision making in the industry. The society also has the role it majors in the ethics of the industry. In the hotel industry some of the beverages that are in use should be designated for certain groups, (Metz, E. C., Youniss, J, 2004). Due to ethical factors leaders and workers must be prepared to work under changing conditions. They should also learn to acquire adaptation and work in changing conditions (Eikenberry, 2007). References: Ambrose, M.L., Kulik, C.T. (1999). Old friends, new faces: Motivation research in the 1990s. Journal of Management, 25, 231-292 Burke, R. and Barron, S. (n.d.). Project management leadership Brooks, I. (2009). Organisational Behaviour, Individuals, Groups and Organisation. 4thed. Essex, ENG: Pearson Education Limited. Borghans, L., Duckworth, A. L., Heckman, J. J., Ter Weel, B. (2008). The economics and psychology of personality traits. Journal of Human Resources, 43(4), 972-1059 Campbell, J.L. (2007) Why would corporations behave in socially responsible ways? An institutional theory of corporate social responsibility, Academy of Management Review, Vol. 32, No. 3, pp.946967. Cooper, R. D. Schindler, S. P. (2011). Business Research Methods. 11th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Collis, J. and Hussey, R. (2009) Business research: a practical guide for undergraduate and postgraduate students 3rd edn. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. Cooper, C. L. Starbuck, W. H. (2005). Work and Workers. Vol.1. London, UK: Sage Publications Ltd. Quinlan, C. (2011). Business Research Methods. Hampshire, UK: Cengage Learning EMEA. Ethridge, D. (2004). Research Methodology in Applied Economics. Chicago:John Wiley Sons, pg 24. Eikenberry, K. (2007). Remarkable Leadership, Unleashing Your Leadership Potential One Skill at a Time. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass LoBiondo-Wood G. Haber J (2002). Nursing Research: Methods, Critical Appraisal and Utilization. 5th edn. Mosby. St Louis, USA. Metz, E. C., Youniss, J. (2005). Longitudinal gains in civic development through school-based required service. Political Psychology, 25, 494-511. Miller, J., Walker, J., Drummond, K. (2007) Supervision in the Hospitality Industry. (4th ed.)New Jersey:John Wiley and Sons, Inc Manning G., Curtis K. (2005) The Art of Leadership.London:McGraw-Hill McMurray, A. J.,Scott, D. R.,Pace, R. W. (2004) The relationship between organizational commitment and organizational climate in manufacturing. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 15(4), 473488. Newstrom J. (2011). Organizational Behavior: Human Behavior at Work. McGraw-Hill/Irwin Neuman, W. L. (2014). Social Research Methods: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches, 7th Edition. Pearson Education Limited: UK. Oso, W. Y. and Onen, D. (2015). A general guide to writing research proposal and reports. Makerere University Press. Kampala, Uganda. Polit D.F. and Beck C.T. (2010). Essentials of Nursing Research, 7th ed. Wolters Kluwer Health Lippincott Williams Wilkins, Philadelphia. Park, H., Russell, C. Lee, J. 2007, "National culture and environmental sustainability: A cross-national analysis", Journal of Economics and Finance, vol. 31, no. 1, pp. 104-121. Sekaran, U., Bougie, R. (2010). Research methods for business: A skill building approach. UK: John Wiley Sons Ltd Sekaran, U. and Bougie, R. (2013) Research Methods for Business: A Skill-Building Approach. 6th Edition, Wiley, New York. Saunders, M., Lewis, P. Thornhill, A. (2009). Research Methods for Business Students. 5th ed. Essex, ENG: Pearson Education Limited. Schoemaker, P., Krupp, S. and Howland, S., 2013. Strategic Leadership: The Essential Skills. Harvard Business Review, pp.3-5 Tashakkori C. Teddlie (2003). Handbook of mixed methods in social research (pg 273-296). Thousands Oaks, CA: Sage. Zikmund, W.G., B.J.Babin, J.C.Carr, M.Griffin, (2010), Business Research Methods, 8thEdition, International Edition.