The organizational theory of concept Essay Example for Free

The hierarchical hypothesis of idea Essay â€Å"The hierarchical hypothesis of idea includes the dynamic transaction amoung people in associations, groups and administration practices, and the association itself.†(Hellriegel Slocum, 2004 PG. 29) The creators characterize a participative style of administration as one the requires the pioneer to maintian two-way correspondence and to help supporters in the utilization of their skills. Ms. Winfrey drives her association through a participative style. She shares the dynamic with gatherings of individuals or on a coordinated premise with able workers. She immovably belives that she doesn't generally have the correct answers, as appeared by an announcement she made concerning a sucide note written in 1981, â€Å"I sobbed for the ladies I was then† (Garson, 2004, p. 42). She is cited as saying, â€Å"It is tied in with pulling in great individuals. I have consistently attempted to encircle myself with individuals who are more astute in manners that I am not.† (Howard, 28 May 2006) Ms. Winfrey additionally empowers contribution from associates and staff. Winfrey’s book club dispatch in September of 1996 is an ideal case of this. She depended on the assessments of others to associate her in the determinations of the highlighted novel. Her makers and staff individuals are key components in the introducing and the choice of new show tapes, just as, magazine content. (Howard May 2006)  â â â â â â â â â â Oprah is an unfathomably fasscinating individual. She is loaded with enthusiasm, modesty, and quality. She approaches individuals with deference, much like my folks instructed me to. Her folks, similar to mine, had faith in advanced education and ensured she got the most ideal training, much like dig accomplished for me. Ms. Winfrey has incerdible self-assurance, as do I. For instance after I had gotten a degree in bookkeeping and worked for just a year, I totally changed vocations to nursing. That in itself took unfathomable self-assurance. I have faith in Ms. Winfrey’s participative style and I use it myself in all parts of my life. At work, I generally look for the team’s contribution to arranging care for a patient. I propel my group to cooperate to accomplish the degree of association that is required for understanding fulfillment. On the home front, open correspondence and family based dynamic is vital. Everybody is engaged with the dynamic procedure, and family time holds us intently together. I am glad for my achievements as a parent, spouse, and graduate understudy, and I urge my kids to hold individuals, for example, Oprah Winfrey in high respect. I urge them to utilize her and other like her as a good example, while disclosing to them that â€Å"they need to do it their way, since she did it her way†. I am constantly utilizing insight and compassion much likeâ â Ms. Winfrey to speak with individuals. I practice and ecourage other to effectively listen when others are talking, and, to the exclusion of everything else, I generally attempt to put myself in anothers shoes. Ms. Winfrey applies power with moxy. She can move her staff, associates, and crowds through her enormous scope compassionate work as well as through her own life. For eample, she made her Angel Network in 1997 to give cash to a wide assortment of noble cause. On a progressively close to home note, Ms Winfrey was enlisted into the Hall of Fame for National Assoicosiaction for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). She motivates trust inside her oragnizations since she is a skilled pioneer and she attempts to encircle herself with compentent individuals. She is appealling, and extremly persuasive. This impact can be found in the absence of tabliod news about Ms. Winfrey. For instance, her medication use, the self destruction note, and her dead kid were totally uncovered utilizing her television show as the stage. These are typically grub for the tabliods, and are normally uncovered against a people will.â While a few embarrassments do go back and forth for Oprah, the overall population puts stock in her and will in general excuse her imperfections and mix-ups. Concerning her impact she is cited as saying, â€Å"When I started my syndicated program I was so excited to have the open door that I never considered the gigantic impact TV could have. Presently I feel the force and the tremendous responiblity that accompanies it.† (adler, 1997, p. 60) She depends on referent and prize capacity to offer thanks and thankfulness to her staff. She offers appreciation and appreciation to her staff through expressions of reverence. She luxuriously endowments them, particularly arround the special seasons. A case of her prize force is the top of the line excursions to hawaii that she gave awayt o each staff part a couple of years prior. The excursions included top of the line aircraft tickets, remains a five-star resorts and going through cash for them and their families.

Evaluation Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Assessment - Term Paper Example The multi-faceted idea calls for equivalent value, qualification, and benefits, regardless of sexual orientation, age, race, religion, ethnicity, capacities, social-monetary foundation, or incapacity. The conviction has prompted an enormous change in the board rehearses for the most part in preparing, enrollment, and maintenance of laborers who mirror the changing essence of the workforce. The conversation in this paper looks at a portion of the idea of assorted variety the executives rehearses learned in the class. Something that I have found out about myself with respect to decent variety is that the race arrangement in America is vastly different from that of China. By and by, I am a global understudy from China. In the course of the most recent couple of months, I have come to understand that the approaches in America are entirely different from those of China. For examples, in America there are on the whole races of individuals. Fascinatingly, I have not seen instances of separation based on race or shading. Without a doubt, separation of any demonstration particularly on grounds of race contrast can render one to be captured and be indicted as needs be. I have discovered that the hidden standards of working environment the executives decent variety ought to be incorporated with the parts of human asset the executives. These perspectives incorporate choice, preparing, enlistment, improvement, and execution evaluation. All organizations ought to be resolved to grasp assorted variety. In purpose of truth, decent variety in the work environment causes a firm to construct great affinity with the network while upgrading the commitment of the laborers. Moreover, I have discovered that decent variety enables an association to improve the nature of items and administrations conveyed. Fruitful firms center around consolidating the standards of decent variety in their way of life framework. There are a few parts of decent variety the executives that I have gain recognition with over the span of the examination. I was absolved of the information that killing separation

Essay About Yourself - Creating A Bond With Yourself

Essay About Yourself - Creating A Bond With YourselfWhat does it take to write an essay about yourself? Writing the essay can be really challenging. This is because the essay becomes an attempt to explore your inner self.I think the biggest challenge that I think most people run into when they start thinking about writing an essay about themselves is the fact that it becomes an exploration of yourself. A lot of people, when they want to write an essay about themselves, end up trying to do so in the sense that they are trying to go through their life chronologically and then try to trace back the roots of their identity. The problem with this is that it is very hard to accomplish in a way that is organized and linear. We are not all born equal and some of us will inevitably start at a different point in our lives than others.It can also be hard to trace back your own journey to the moment you were born. What happens when you write the essay about yourself and find that you are actuall y talking about the birth of your child? This can become very complicated in some ways.Essays about yourself are also difficult because your body and life changes so quickly and you have to be able to adapt to new circumstances. One of the biggest challenges that I think most people face is adapting to a new career or social environment. Some people even become so used to their lifestyle and social group that they feel like they no longer need to even write about themselves.When you are getting ready to write the essay about yourself, what you need to do is make a very special bond with yourself. That bond should be formed by bonding with the topic of your essay. In order to be successful, you should try to form a bond that connects the topic of your essay to your own life.When you are writing the essay about yourself, you should be willing to work on the material for several months. This is going to help you connect the material that you are writing to your own life.Your essay abou t yourself will also be successful if you have some sort of theme in your essay. For example, if you are writing about why you decided to be a writer, you might want to talk about why you wanted to write the topic of your essay about yourself. The point is that you want to express to yourself what it was that attracted you to the idea of writing.You also want to make sure that you have an emotional distance from the topic. You don't want to pour your heart out when you are writing about yourself. Rather, you want to draw inspiration from others and make connections with other ideas that you can use in your essay about yourself.

Similarities In The Opposition. Ideas Do Not Prove Their

Similarities in the Opposition Ideas do not prove their value until they withstand the challenge of being questioned. On the surface, professor Craig Martin and anthropologist Clifford Geertz approach analyzing religion with opposing views. Martin dismisses definitions of religion claiming that no definition can encompass the practical use of the word and instead provides a step by step approach to explaining beliefs and actions in the perspective of a methodological atheist. Geertz, however, provides a working definition broken into a five-part model to make it a useful tool. Upon further analysis of these two methods, the once contradicting ideas begin to work in unison with each other. Martin’s functionalist approach and the definition†¦show more content†¦Martin discusses the uses of the hermeneutics of suspicion for his second step in his approach. He believes it is important to remain suspicious of the cultural element being examined and presume it is false. Gee rtz, in the second part of his definition, states that a system of symbols â€Å"acts to establish powerful, pervasive and long-lasting moods and motivations in men† (Geertz, 1993). This statement is in agreeance with the suspicious mindset provided by Martin, as Geertz also does not confirm any religious beliefs to be true. He uses the word â€Å"acts† to show that the cultural elements function in a specific way, not to prove their factual accuracy. His definition demonstrates the unity of individual components in a culture and how they function. Both methods do not approach religion with yes or no questions but rather seek the answer to why it functions in particular ways and how it continues to exist. In life, there are questions that have answers unable to be proven with facts of science, which leaves a lot of room up for interpretation. As previously stated, neither Martin nor Geertz tries to prove religious facts but rather explains them in terms of how they fun ction in the practical world. Martin’s last step in the methodological atheist approach is to provide a functionalist explanation as to why the cultural element persists in societies. In investigating this function, Martin must analyze all parts of Geertz’s definition. TheShow MoreRelated Comparing Dictators Adolf Hitler versus Benito Mussolini versus Joseph Stalin1660 Words   |  7 Pagesis most important. The difference and similarity between their ideology, usage of propaganda censorship and the method of improving the economy would be stated and explained through examples. Basically, their ultimate aim was the same, they all tried to make their country better. However, there was their own ambition wanting for power included in their ruling which was probably why they all ended up dictating their county. They all abolished the democracy idea and used similar methods to rule theirRead MoreThe Theme Of Indifference In Night And Night1292 Words   |  6 Pagesthe S triped Pajamas, a film directed by Mark Herman, is also an impressive work that demonstrates the idea of indifference. The movie was based off of a fiction novel written that tells the story of a Nazi soldier’s son named Bruno that befriends a Jewish boy he meets at a nearby concentration camp. Although both works are presented through different viewpoints, they still have many similarities in how they present the theme of indifference. First, indifference is displayed in Night through the NaziRead MoreA Walk In The Woods And Barry Brysons An Entrance To The Woods993 Words   |  4 Pagesbeen alone at evening in wilderness places that I am not familiar with† (Berry 719). He goes on to prove â€Å"the sense of impending human catastrophe† by evoking emotion, as the idea of humans’ unfamiliarity with nature rises in his piece (Berry 275). Berry describes his surroundings with nostalgic and melancholic qualities, which produces a darker mood and a somber layer to his expedition. In opposition to Berry’s piece, Bryson’s greater intent in writing his story involves triggering some laughs. BrysonRead More Buddhism Essay1562 Words   |  7 Pagesaccepted now as it was thousands of years ago? Would it be shunned by society as another â€Å"cult† movement? What conflicts or similarities would it find with modern science; physics in particular? The answers to these questions are the aim of this paper, as well as a deeper understanding of modern Buddhism. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Although I will stick with traditional ideas raised by Buddhism, one detail in the story of Siddartha Guatama must be addressed in order for it to be relevant to the mainRead MoreCritical Analysis Of Hester Prynne748 Words   |  3 Pagesreaders. He uses words such as â€Å"Adultery. Alpha. Abel. Adam. A. America.†(Lawrence) in order to state his opinion instantly, so as to leave the rest of his piece strictly focused on analysis. Using words that all begin with the same letter, shows similarity between them despite the fact that they are not synonyms. He makes the point that they all describe Hester, because he believes she can portray all of these traits, without being able to disregard her sins. He would make the argument that The ScarletRead MoreAmerica s Current Political Events And Values899 Words   |  4 Pagesgood. Almost eerily this matched the United States invading the middle east looking for revenge. In recent years the focus has shifted from fighting united, to fighting those who do not share the same political views. The Democratic party leader Hilary Clinton runs a campaign based on liberal views. Whilst h er opposition, the leader of the republican party Donald trump is appealing to those who think radical change is necessary to â€Å"make America great again.† America is currently divided politically;Read MoreNothing1505 Words   |  7 Pages1. Attempt A Marxist Reading of Jane Austen’s â€Å"Pride amp; Prejudice. Ans. :- Marxism is basically the idea that society is driven by money and the economy. In Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice for example, Mrs. Bennett is the height of Marxism since her singular goal is to marry off all her daughters to wealthy men. Another example is that almost every character except Elizabeth and Darcy is preoccupied with the income of their potential partner. Since the Bennetts are brought up within an upperRead MoreSimilarities And Differences Between The Human Mind And Science, History, And Literature1486 Words   |  6 Pagesthem at all. Symbolic Anthropologists advocated the use of â€Å"a variety of tools from psychology, history, and literature† to conduct their anthropology (McGee and Warms 2004:525). The work of Sapir and Whorf had made revolutionary claims about the idea of knowledge and the mechanism behind its transmission. Symbolic anthropology could use this as a base with which to launch assumptions about knowledge and culture; science, after all, isn’t primary or even essential in these processes. The humanRead MoreThe Benefits of a High Immigrant Population Essay1560 Words   |  7 Pages migration law) wishes for a policy that will increase the ease at which immigrant workers from countries such as Mexico can come work in the United States. He states the following points â€Å" (1) Increase the quality of the workforce, (2) bring new ideas and know-how to U.S. Firms, which can lead to innovation, (3) transfer new skills and knowledge to their native coworkers, (4) increase diversity in the workplace...† Now lets take the time to look at each one of these points individually. IncreasingRead MoreDifferences Between Hylas And Philonous1191 Words   |  5 PagesAbstract ideas pertaining to epistemology in philosophy are almost as old as the concept of philosophy itself. Dating back to thinkers such as Aristotle, carrying on throughout the medieval period and into modern philosophy, abstracts have always been grappled with. George Berkeley’s epistemology about abstract ideas has historically been one that has drawn the attention of many other scholars and philosophical thinkers. His thoughts on ideas, specifically his expansion of Locke’s general abstract

What Are Pie Charts and Why Are They Useful

One of the most common ways to represent data graphically is a pie chart. It gets its name by how it looks: a circular pie that has been cut into several slices. This kind of graph is helpful when graphing qualitative data, where the information describes a trait or attribute and is not numerical. Each trait corresponds to a different slice of the pie. By looking at all of the pie pieces, you can compare how much of the data fits in each category. The larger a category, the bigger its pie piece will be. Big or Small Slices? How do we know how large to make a pie piece? First, we need to calculate a percentage. Ask what percent of the data is represented by a given category. Divide the number of elements in this category by the total number. We then convert this decimal into a percentage. A pie is a circle. Our pie piece, representing a given category, is a portion of the circle. Because a circle has 360 degrees all the way around, we need to multiply 360 by our percentage. This gives us the measure of the angle that our pie piece should have. Using a Pie Chart in Statistics To illustrate the above, let’s think about the following example. In a cafeteria of 100 third graders, a teacher looks at the eye color of each student and records it. After all 100 students are examined, the results show that 60 students have brown eyes, 25 have blue eyes and 15 have hazel eyes. The slice of pie for brown eyes needs to be the largest. And it needs to be over twice as large as the slice of pie for blue eyes. To say exactly how large it should be, first find out what percent of the students have brown eyes. This is found by dividing the number of brown-eyed students by the total number of students and converting to a percent. The calculation is 60/100 x 100 percent 60 percent. Now we find 60 percent of 360 degrees, or .60 x 360 216 degrees. This reflex angle is what we need for our brown pie piece. Next look at the slice of pie for blue eyes. Since there are a total of 25 students with blue eyes out of a total of 100, this means that this trait accounts for 25/100x100 percent 25 percent of the students. One quarter, or 25 percent of 360 degrees, is 90 degrees (a right angle). The angle for the pie piece representing the hazel-eyed students can be found in two ways. The first is to follow the same procedure as the last two pieces. The easier way is to notice that there are only three categories of data, and we have accounted for two already. The remainder of the pie corresponds to the students with hazel eyes. Limitations of Pie Charts Pie charts are to be used with qualitative data. However, there are some limitations to using them. If there are too many categories, then there will be a multitude of pie pieces. Some of these are likely to be very skinny and can be difficult to compare to one another. If we want to compare different categories that are close in size, a pie chart does not always help us to do this. If one slice has a central angle of 30 degrees, and another has a central angle of 29 degrees, then it would be very hard to tell at a glance which pie piece is larger than the other.

The Korean War - 1641 Words

During the times of the 1950’s the whole world was in a state of unrest, the downfall of Hitler in Europe had left an enormous swath of land that was half occupied by the allies and half occupied by the USSR(Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) which were communist. On the other side of the world in the pacific theater Japan had succumbed to the force of the United States and was defeated leaving all their conquered territory up for grabs. A specific region of interest that was given up by Japan were the Koreas which were divided into two countries that we know today as North Korea and South Korea. Conflicts erupted between both the communist north and the capitalist south, North Korea invaded South Korea and the United States had to step†¦show more content†¦In North Korea, communism ruled supreme in government and in South Korea a more capitalist approach was prevalent in their government. . The spread of communism didn’t stop and kept its march downward thro ugh the peninsula at a steady pace. â€Å"On June 25th, 1950 75,000 North Korean troops poured into South Korea which kick started the beginning of the Korean War. This lead to a civil war between North and South Korea which was soon brought to international attention when the U.S. came to the aid of South Korea and the Peoples republic of China (PRC) came to the aid of North Korea.†1 The United States agreed that the spread of communism should not be allowed to continue its advance into South Korea, arriving to the decision that military action would be required. The Americans knew that the invasion of South Korea by North Korea was just a mask of the advance of communism into the region. â€Å"In July, just a few months after the wars beginning American troops landed in South Korea to help stop the invading force of North Koreans.†2 The North Korean invasion came as an alarming surprise to American officials. As far as they were concerned, this was not simply a borde r dispute between two unstable dictatorships on the other side of the globe. Instead, many feared it was the first step in a communist campaign to take over the world. It was because of this reason that

Leadership in a Hotel Industry -.com

Question: Disucss about the importance of Leadership and Motivation in a Hotel Industry. Answer: The Importance Of Leadership And Motivation In A Hotel Industry Leadership and motivation are major pillars in modern age where marketing an industry and maintaining customers has been the major challenge. Motivation of both the employees and customers is a factor that the management of any institution tries to their level best to control or keep in check. Team motivation is critical since it causes change of parameters that are in control. (Burke and Barron, 2014). Leaders need to focus on productivity and connect with employees to draw talented results of their performance. (Schoemaker, Krupp and Howland , 2013). Leadership of institutions has put aside large monies to cater for motivation but in due cause no fruitful result. The work majors on relationship between leadership and motivation of employees and major role of leadership towards motivation in hotel industry. Research Philosophy It is defined by research paradigm that is a broad framework which includes beliefs, perceptions and understanding of several theories and way to carry out research (Cohen, L. Manison, L and Morrison, K.R.B,(2007)). These give the guideline on how the research will be conducted. Realism philosophy mainly concentrates in the reality and beliefs that are already exist in the environment. (McMurray, Pace and Scott 2004) Critical realism argues on experiences of a situation (Sekaran and Bougie 2010) In the hotel industry is one of the most dependent labour forces that dependent on the number of hours employees work. In this industry everything is dependent on staff from preparation to services to customers. How well all these services and works are done depends on the management of the workers. Those in the management of the members of staff hold the success or failure of the industry. (Miller, Walker Drummond, 2007) Current management tends to use better ways instead of power tactics of the past. The power tactic has proved to counterproductive. The motivating of workers has given the best outcome (Manning Curtis, 2009) Interpersonal skill of guest and staff in the hotel industry is also very important trait in leadership. Listenining, questioning, negotiating and interacting with stakeholders of hotel industrial is crucial. (Eikenberry, K., 2007) Previous researches have shown that the leadership style in the hotel industry is a key factor in the success of management of the employees. The style of leadership in which motivation is a pillar has a scope of discussion. Ambrose and Kulik (1999: 232) describe how work motivation can be measured using both attitudinal (e.g. job satisfaction) and behavioural (e.g. job performance) measures. This research employs both attitudinal (job satisfaction, affective organizational commitment and work meaning) and behavioural measures of work motivation Data Collection Methods The study adopted a descriptive cross-sectional survey research design. According to Polit and Beck (2010), this design necessitates a more economical collection of data at one point in time and is fundamental in objective analysis due to timing similarity. In the hotel industry, the research uses experimental methods to test the influence of motivation among the employees in the industry. All the data used included primary. Direct observation is used to collect primary data. Data collection was based on the research questions (Sekaran Bougie, 2013.) In the research topic depends on who, how, when thus is finding out the role of leadership and the management then the study is descriptive (Cooper and Schindler, 2011) According to Sekaran and Bougie (2013) the descriptive studies help the researcher to: 1)have enough understand the characteristics of a group under study which are employees and leaders in the hotel industry 2) In a given order think about aspects in a given situation 3) forecast on future scope of research to be undertaken and 4) critical in making decision. The study undertakes survey with the objectives of measuring the attitudes, opinions, knowledge, behaviours and awareness both inside and outside the organization (Zikmund, Babin, Carr Griffin, 2010). In the process of data collection and making use of survey gives control over the whole research process and after the sampling process the outcomes serve as the representative of population, (Neuman, W. L., 2014). Population is defined as a group of objects or persons that are under study for statistical purpose (Collis Hussey, 2009). The population consists of both managerial and non-managerial staffs. Departments including finance, human resources, housekeeping and food and beverages (kitchen service). The population is heterogeneous in nature that is it involves different groups. The nature of population being heterogeneous in nature in order to apply single random sampling, the data first is divided into homogeneous groups of managerial and non-managerial using stratified sampling method. A simple random sampling technique was used since all the elements in the population have equal chances of being selected (Cooper Schindler, 2011). The population under study includes different departments and thus considered as strata. Simple random sampling involves one selecting a sample at random in the sampling frame using random tables, a computer random number generator (Saunders et. al., 2009). A questionnaire is the data collection technique that survey uses (Quinlan, 2011). The descriptive design serves the research as it investigates the role of leadership and motivation and performance. A principle about a sample is that the smaller the population is that larger the sample should be to give more accurate outcomes (Quinlan, 2011). According to Zikmund et. al ( 2010) the sample should consider the variance of the population that is heterogeneity, the acceptable error of study and finally the confidence interval. Data Analysis Technique The data that will be collected will be analyzed using the descriptive methodology since the most prevailing question how the management and motivation affects job outcome. In the analysis the data is prepared by editing, coding and entry in the statistical software to ensure the appropriateness for the analysis (Cooper and Schindler, 2011). Data coding is the process of assigning a particular response with number with a given database (Sekaran Bougie, 2013). Descriptive statistics catered measures of tendency including the mean, median and mode. Frequencies were obtained and presentation made on chart, tables, and graphs and cross tabulation. Inferential analysis was used to make conclusions of the sample that forecasted the population (Quinlan, 2011). The binary logistic model was used to give the leadership styles and motivation of the workers. Motivation can be discussed in three dimensions of due to how rewarding will be done, efforts will result by rewarding and profitability of rewarding (Newstrom, 2011). Sekaran and Bougie (2013) notes the challenges that can be faced by researchers attempting to administer respondent-completed surveys within organizations as opposed to surveys of individuals or households. The software for analysis that coding was coded in and analysis was done in statistical software for social sciences (SPSS). Ethic Issues The fundamental issues that any business must face are integrity and trust. The hotel industry have the responsibility to develop codes of conduct and ethics that ever member of any organization should follow to the letter. In the research consist of three levels of ethics which can be review as self, group and future ethics. The members of staff that include all workers and the leadership departments, the discipline of time management, etiquette to other workers and customers is very essential for growth and development of industry. The services provided by the workers in the hotel industry should ensure that acceptable to customers and also ethical. Dress code should be neat and acceptable, (Tashakkori C. Teddlie, 2003). These are the ethics that govern even the management in the organization. The leaders should observe them to the letter. These ethics are important in decision making in the industry. The society also has the role it majors in the ethics of the industry. In the hotel industry some of the beverages that are in use should be designated for certain groups, (Metz, E. C., Youniss, J, 2004). Due to ethical factors leaders and workers must be prepared to work under changing conditions. They should also learn to acquire adaptation and work in changing conditions (Eikenberry, 2007). References: Ambrose, M.L., Kulik, C.T. (1999). Old friends, new faces: Motivation research in the 1990s. Journal of Management, 25, 231-292 Burke, R. and Barron, S. (n.d.). Project management leadership Brooks, I. (2009). Organisational Behaviour, Individuals, Groups and Organisation. 4thed. Essex, ENG: Pearson Education Limited. Borghans, L., Duckworth, A. L., Heckman, J. J., Ter Weel, B. (2008). The economics and psychology of personality traits. Journal of Human Resources, 43(4), 972-1059 Campbell, J.L. (2007) Why would corporations behave in socially responsible ways? An institutional theory of corporate social responsibility, Academy of Management Review, Vol. 32, No. 3, pp.946967. Cooper, R. D. Schindler, S. P. (2011). Business Research Methods. 11th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Collis, J. and Hussey, R. (2009) Business research: a practical guide for undergraduate and postgraduate students 3rd edn. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. Cooper, C. L. Starbuck, W. H. (2005). Work and Workers. Vol.1. London, UK: Sage Publications Ltd. Quinlan, C. (2011). Business Research Methods. Hampshire, UK: Cengage Learning EMEA. Ethridge, D. (2004). Research Methodology in Applied Economics. Chicago:John Wiley Sons, pg 24. Eikenberry, K. (2007). Remarkable Leadership, Unleashing Your Leadership Potential One Skill at a Time. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass LoBiondo-Wood G. Haber J (2002). Nursing Research: Methods, Critical Appraisal and Utilization. 5th edn. Mosby. St Louis, USA. Metz, E. C., Youniss, J. (2005). Longitudinal gains in civic development through school-based required service. Political Psychology, 25, 494-511. Miller, J., Walker, J., Drummond, K. (2007) Supervision in the Hospitality Industry. (4th ed.)New Jersey:John Wiley and Sons, Inc Manning G., Curtis K. (2005) The Art of Leadership.London:McGraw-Hill McMurray, A. J.,Scott, D. R.,Pace, R. W. (2004) The relationship between organizational commitment and organizational climate in manufacturing. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 15(4), 473488. Newstrom J. (2011). Organizational Behavior: Human Behavior at Work. McGraw-Hill/Irwin Neuman, W. L. (2014). Social Research Methods: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches, 7th Edition. Pearson Education Limited: UK. Oso, W. Y. and Onen, D. (2015). A general guide to writing research proposal and reports. Makerere University Press. Kampala, Uganda. Polit D.F. and Beck C.T. (2010). Essentials of Nursing Research, 7th ed. Wolters Kluwer Health Lippincott Williams Wilkins, Philadelphia. Park, H., Russell, C. Lee, J. 2007, "National culture and environmental sustainability: A cross-national analysis", Journal of Economics and Finance, vol. 31, no. 1, pp. 104-121. Sekaran, U., Bougie, R. (2010). Research methods for business: A skill building approach. UK: John Wiley Sons Ltd Sekaran, U. and Bougie, R. (2013) Research Methods for Business: A Skill-Building Approach. 6th Edition, Wiley, New York. Saunders, M., Lewis, P. Thornhill, A. (2009). Research Methods for Business Students. 5th ed. Essex, ENG: Pearson Education Limited. Schoemaker, P., Krupp, S. and Howland, S., 2013. Strategic Leadership: The Essential Skills. Harvard Business Review, pp.3-5 Tashakkori C. Teddlie (2003). Handbook of mixed methods in social research (pg 273-296). Thousands Oaks, CA: Sage. Zikmund, W.G., B.J.Babin, J.C.Carr, M.Griffin, (2010), Business Research Methods, 8thEdition, International Edition.

Violence In School Essays - Misconduct, Behavior, Human Behavior

Violence In School http://nces.ed.gov/pubs98/violence/98030001.html Violence and Discipline Problems in U.S. Public Schools: 1996-97 Executive Summary No matter where you are, parents want their students to be safe and secure that might even precede a quality education With drugs, gangs, and guns on the rise in many communities the threat of violence weighs heavily on most principals' minds these daysAnyone who thinks they are not vulnerable is really na?ve. (Principal Michael Durso, Springbrook High School, as quoted in the Washingtonian Magazine, September 1997). Background Recent events have again focused the nation's attention on violence in U.S. public schools, an issue that has generated public concern and directed research for more than two decades.1 Despite long-standing attention to the problem, there is a growing perception that not all public schools are safe places of learning, and media reports highlight specific school-based violent acts. The seventh goal of the National Education Goals states that by the year 2000, all schools in America will be free of drugs and violence and the unauthorized presence of firearms and alcohol, and offer a disciplined environment that is conducive to learning. In response to this goal, the Congress passed the Safe and Drug-Free Schools and Communities Act of 1994, which provides for support of drug and violence prevention programs. As part of this legislation, the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) is required to collect data to determine the frequency, seriousness, and incidence of violence in e lementary and secondary schools. NCES responded to this requirement by commissioning a survey, the Principal/School Disciplinarian Survey on School Violence, 1996-97, the results of which are detailed in this report. The school violence survey was conducted with a nationally representative sample of 1,234 regular public elementary, middle, and secondary schools in the 50 states and the District of Columbia in the spring and summer of 1997. The survey requested information on four main topics: ? The incidence of crime and violence that occurred in public schools during the 1996-97 academic year; ? Principals' (or school disciplinarians') perceptions about the seriousness of a variety of discipline issues in their schools; ? The types of disciplinary actions schools took against students for serious offenses; and ? The kinds of security measures and violence prevention programs that were in place in public schools. The types of criminal incidents that schools were asked to report included murder, suicide, rape or other type of sexual battery, assault or fight with a weapon, robbery, assault or fight without a weapon, theft/ larceny, and vandalism. Any effort to quantify the frequency and seriousness of these crimes and violent incidents occurring in public schools will be affected by the way in which the information is collected and reported. Three important aspects of the process that were used to gather the data reported in this publication were: ? ? The survey questions asked, including how the questions were phrased, definitions applied, time span covered, and the context in which they were asked; ? The choice of survey respondent; and ? The survey sample size. The reader should keep these aspects of the survey in mind when comparing results of this particular sample survey with other studies on school crime and violence. The data reported from this study may vary from data reported elsewhere because of differences in definitions, coverage, respondents, and sample. For example, the data reported in this survey describe the number of incidents of crime, not the number of individuals involved in such incidents. It should be noted that an incident could involve more than one individual perpetrator or individual victim. Similarly, an individual perpetrator or victim could be involved in multiple incidents. Key Findings How Serious A Problem Was Crime And Violence In U.S. Public Schools In The 1996-1997 School Year? More than half of U.S. public schools reported experiencing at least one crime incident in school year 1996-97, and 1 in 10 schools reported at least one serious violent crime during that school year (table 7). ? ? Fifty-seven percent of public elementary and secondary school principals reported that one or more incidents of crime/violence that were reported to the police or other law enforcement officials had occurred in their school during the 1996-97 school year. ? Ten percent of all public schools experienced one or more

The Dilemma of Childhood Obesity essays

The Dilemma of Childhood Obesity essays The purpose of this paper is to identify a current issue in lifespan development that has been of personal interest. This issue will draw many questions, concerns, identify features that are increasingly noticeable, and can hinder development in what we would consider to be normal periods of development. Childhood obesity is an issue that has been an increasing dilemma more so over the past few decades. This particular issue is of great interest to me because the adverse effects it has psychologically and I work in a school system where it is obesity is prevalent. When we talk in terms of obesity in children it can modify and create issues in the processes of biological, behavioral, and social cognitive, ethological, ecological aspects of development. How does obesity happen? How does this affect the course of childhood through adulthood? Who is responsible? Obesity is attributed to a possible lack of motivation that stems from parents, peers, and the environment in which a child lives. This sensitive issue certainly is a gradual process that occurs over time and does not happen overnight. I observe too often poor eating habits and more so now in a fast paced society where fast food has become the norm over home cooked meals. It is also important to state that with both parents or single parent homes where work is crucial, there is greater responsibility for children to make more decisions for themselves in regards to eating for there is no guidance. Schools were scrutinized more recently over the years and have modified food choices and portions that help aid in reducing the intake of food consumed by all children. This is a positive step in the right direction, but it is what lies outside the school walls that is a major contributor and is of greater concern, for it is not a consistent routine. Which leads to an important feature whi ch is limited physical activity; meaning there is no motivation to go running, biking, or just ...

Food Journal Analysis #1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Food Journal Analysis #1 - Essay Example As for the rest of the food, which is only 1 yoo-hoo chocolate and 1 plain milk chocolate- the former is good for the body because it provides calcium, and was also the only dairy product I ate during the day, and the latter belongs to the fats, oils and sweets group, which is permissible to eat occasionally. Seeing as how I only ate one bar, the consumption of it is also alright. B. I did not consume the minimum number of servings for each of the food groups. In fact, that was the case in four of the five groups. I had the perfect amount of fruit, 2 cups per day, and a decent amount of grain, 5.1 oz equivalent, when the recommended amount is 7. However, as far as the vegetable, milk and meat and beans groups, I miserably failed to reach the minimum amount: I had 1.3 cups equivalent of vegetables out of the 3 recommended- a bit less than a half; I had 2.1 oz equivalent out of 6 recommended- about a third; and I had 0.2 cup equivalent of milk out of 3 recommended- one-fifteenth of the recommended portion. The reasons for this are simply because I didnt have enough foods of those groups- I didnt have enough vegetables because I ate a small portion of salad; I needed to consume a little more grain, which I could have done by eating another slice of bread or perhaps a small portion of corn flakes; I didnt nearly have enough dairy products, which I could have solved by drinking another glass or too of yoo-hoo chocolate and maybe eating some cheese with the bread; and I didnt have enough meat and beans, which I could have by eating some chicken or turkey or even more fish, and perhaps some beans too. D. My diet provided a certain variety of foods. I consumed foods from all food groups, but in very different quantities. I needed to consume much more food from the milk food group, the meat and beans group and the vegetable group, as well as having a bit more of the grain group, whereas I had the perfect amount of the fruit group. This could have been solved had I

The Global Justice Concept Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Global Justice Concept - Essay Example   The government is grounded on the concepts of fairness, equality, justice, and protection of the people's mutual interests. The government must do its share to ensure the citizens achieve their unique societal goals and objectives. The social contracts, including the United States constitution, reduce or prevent constant wars among individuals and communities. The social contracts ensure everyone will strive to comply with the contracts' provisions of justice for all stakeholders (Souryal 75).  Christian Unity Model  During John Winthrop’s sailing towards the brave new world, the Puritan religion’s Winthrop espoused his fellow ship passengers to become the beacons or guides for all humans everywhere (Gardner 106).   The New World is the current United States of America. Winthrop is a rich land owner and government officer in England. The ship was going to propagate the Christian brand of justice in the New World environment, in the other part of the world. The speech was done during his 1630 trip to New England. Winthrop's speech persuaded his fellow ship travelers to firmly establish the New England society's ecclesiastical (religious) government format.   Under the format, Winthrop convinced his fellow Christian followers to ensure the citizens of the New World will implement all religious policies or concepts. Winthrop insisted his fellow Puritan followers must establish the civil government, not the military government, within the New England community (Gardner 106).

Fashion Blogging - the Impact on Sales Essay Example for Free

Fashion Blogging the Impact on Sales Essay Thus, we first investigate whether blogging activity leads to (differential) market outcomes. We then examine whether managerial communication (magazines advertising) and blogging are synergistic. We assemble a unique data set from fashion containing market outcomes (sales), new media (blogs) and traditional media (magazines advertising) for a brand of clothing, and a brand of shoes. Each category has at least one product launch during the duration of our sample periods. We specify a simultaneous equation log-linear system for market outcomes and the volume of blogs. Our results suggest that blogs are predictive of market outcomes, new and traditional media act synergistically, pre-launch magazines advertising spurs blogging activity but become less effective post-launch and that market outcomes have some effect on blogging. We find detailed support for some of these findings via a unique and novel text mining analysis. We discuss the managerial implications of our findings. I-Introduction Consumer generated media (CGM) such as blogs (a contraction of the term â€Å"Web logs†) have witnessed explosive growth in the last few years. For example, the number of blogs worldwide is estimated to be 184 millions with a readership of 346 million (March 2010). In contrast, in March 2003, the number of blogs was essentially zero. Other types of CGM have also seen similar growth patterns, e. g. , Facebook, which started in February 2004, now has about 400 million members worldwide (February 2011). There are also indications that blogs are now being seen as similar to mainstream media sites – the number of blog sites in the top 100 most popular sites (blogs and mainstream media) worldwide was twenty-two in 2008 and blogs were being viewed by consumers as â€Å"sites for news, information, gossip etc. † (2008). In 2010, four of the top ten entertainment sites were blogs (March 2010). It is clear from these statistics that there is considerable activity (multi- media posting, blogging, visits, traffic etc. ) on the part of consumers. However, an important question, from a managerial perspective, is whether this activity leads to (differential) business outcomes such as sales or profits. In addition, little is known about the relationship between traditional or old media (where the company creates content and delivers it to consumers) and consumer generated, or new, media (where consumers create content and there in an exchange of this content between other consumers and potentially, the company). That is, are there any synergies between new media and old media? In this research, we take the first step towards answering these questions. Blogging is perhaps the most established and largest form of consumer generated media at this point in time. The total worldwide viewership of blogs is estimated to be about 346 million (March 2010). Wikipedia defines as a blog as â€Å"a Web site, usually maintained by an individual with regular entries of commentary, descriptions of events, or other material such as graphics or video. Entries are commonly displayed in reverse-chronological order. Blogging is a worldwide phenomenon with the two biggest blogging markets being the United States and Japan. The number of blogs in the United States is about 23 million (about 12% of all US Internet users) and about 8 million in Japan (about 5% of all Japanese Internet users) in 2009. However, if one examines the total number of posts by language, Japanese language posts account for 37% of all posts worldwide followed closely by English language posts at 36%. Fina lly, readership of blogs in these two markets is ery high about half of all Internet users in the US and about one-fifth of all Japanese Internet users have read a blog in the past year. While there are many informal opinions on the effectiveness of CGM in general (and blogs in particular) vis-a-vis market outcomes, there is limited empirical research that sheds light on this issue, especially for the launch of new products. The majority of the existing research has focused on online chatter (newsgroup postings, reviews and ratings) and its effect on market outcomes. There is some evidence that volume of online user ratings is positively correlated to sales. Blogging, on the other hand, has been seen as a unique type of user generated content as being a highly personal, non-directed communication tool. As Kumar (2005) note, blogs are unique for sociological reasons – they comprise a â€Å"highly dynamic, temporal community structure† that â€Å"focuses heavily on local community interactions† and for technical reasons – blogs â€Å"offer us a ready-made view of evolution (of content) in continuous time. † In addition, blogging activity was probably the most pervasive CGM activity on the web during the time of our data. Given these unique characteristics of blogs as opposed to reviews, it is not obvious that bloggers’ activity should affect market outcomes. Surprisingly, there is very little research that has tried to quantify the effect of blogs on market outcomes, especially in the presence of traditional media and/or an examination of pre- and post-launch changes in the role of old and new media. Two recent empirical papers have focused on blogs and market outcomes. Dhar and Chang (2009) explore the relationship between music album sales (imputed via sales ranks on Amazon. om) and online chatter (as seen in blogs and on social networks). Using 108 music albums in early 2007 (before four weeks and after four weeks of their release), they find a positive correlation between both the number of blogs and Myspace member intensity with future music sales. Gruhl (2005) propose a new methodology to automatically generate a query of blog keywords to detect spikes in Amazon. com’s book sales rank. They conclude that their new algorithm could adequately predict the changes and spikes of future sales ranks. Thus, while these two studies suggest that there may be a correlation between blogging activity and market outcomes, they do not use actual sales data but only sales ranks from Amazon. com. To the best of our knowledge, the second issue that we outline above the positive relationship between traditional media and new media has not been investigated in the literature. Our expectation is that there will be a positive correlation between the quantity of traditional media and new media as traditional media is likely to provide discussion materials for bloggers. From a managerial perspective this issue is crucial, as managers have no direct control over CGM (blogs in our case). However, if there is indeed a synergistic relationship between traditional media, which are under managerial control, and new media, which are outside managerial control, then managers can leverage this relationship. Specifically, they can carry out â€Å"better† resource allocation and media planning (to traditional media) as they can take the spillover effect (from traditional to new media) into consideration. We examine the role of new media with respect to market outcomes as well as the relationship between new media and traditional media using data of two different clothing and shoes brand that are both promoted in fashion blogs. We consider the number of units sold, customers or subscribers (all a proxy for demand) as market outcomes, blogs as representations of consumer generated media and magazines advertising as traditional media. We specify a simultaneous equation model that links sales to advertising and blogs as well as a model that links blogs to advertising. Our results, after controlling for many temporal and cross-sectional factors, suggest that first, the volume of Blogstock (cumulative sum of past blog posts) is positively correlated with market outcomes (volume of clothing sold, and the volume of shoes sold) post launch. Second, the interaction between blogs and magazines advertising has a positive effect on market outcomes. Third, we also find that traditional media (magazines advertising) positively affects new media (the volume of blogs) pre launch. In other words, bloggers consume advertising, independent of the product, and this ncreases their blogging activity. Finally, we find that the effect of blogs varies between pre and post launch. In general, the positive relationship between magazines advertising and the volume of blogs pre-launch becomes weaker after launch. This result suggests that while magazines advertising can independently increase blogging pre-launch via the provision of information and content, post-launch (i. e. , once the product is available), consumers may rely less on traditional media, leading to a much weaker relationship between new and old media at that point. These last three sets of results shed light on the possibility that, broadly speaking, advertising and blogs act synergistically (with the relationship changing somewhat post-launch). The process explanations for our findings is not obvious. We take the first step in eliciting process explanations by carrying out a novel text mining analysis of the blog posts for the two markets (shoes and clothing) for which we have access to the textual content data. The findings from the text mining analysis suggest that blogs may affect market outcomes as they represent a rich source of product information and consumer opinion for other consumers. Also, bloggers do use advertising as a subject for blogging pre-launch but turn their attention to product attributes post-launch. II-Data Our data come from fashion market. We consider data from two brands – clothing and shoes. We first describe the market outcome data for each product market and then we describe the measurement of traditional and new media. III-Market Outcomes The daily sales of clothings were made available for the total fashion market based on a nationally representative consumer panel. The data include daily sales of two new pieces of clothing introduced in the period from January 2013 to March 2013. For shoes, the outcome variable we use is based on the same principle. We have data of two new models that were released (launched) in the period from January 2013 to March 2013. IV-Traditional Media The traditional marketing variable we use is magazines advertising. This was measured in units of daily or monthly Gross Rating Points (GRPs). There are some differences in the patterns of magazines advertising pre and post launch across the two brands. For clothing, most of the advertising is post launch. Typically, commercial ads in this market begin to air about five days pre launch and then the heavier advertising kicks in post launch. In contrast, for shoes, pre-release magazines GRPs are larger (on average) than the post-release magazines GRPs. Specifically, peak advertising for shoes was, not surprisingly, a week before its launch date in order to generate high demand at the time of the opening. V-New Media We obtain blogging data from blog 1 (www. leblogdebetty. com) for clothing data and blog 2 (www. sorayabakhtiar. com) for the shoes data. Both the brands scan and index the two blogging sites on a daily basis using keywords with coverage of about 64% of all blog articles. They then aggregate the data and provide the count of the daily number of blogs that mention a particular keyword on a specific temporal period such as day or month (multiple mentions in the same temporal unit are counted as one). As is typical for most blogs, its contents appear in a reversal chronological order and also include the blogger’s profile, â€Å"trackbacks† (links showing other websites, typically other blogs, that a blog is linked to), and comments. Buzz Research archives the contents of all blog posts. It also carries out lexical analysis of the contents of each tracked blog by using a proprietary text- mining method and classifies each blog as positive, negative and/or neutral with respect to a given keyword. We therefore have access to the actual content of all posts as well as the daily percentage of positive, negative and neutral blogs for the movies and cellular phone service markets. There is big increase in the average number of blogs per period post launch in all two brands. Interestingly, for the two brands markets where we have valence data, the biggest growth is in the percentage of neutral blogs post launch. To illustrate the relationship between marketing outcomes and both traditional and new media, we pick a product across our two brand markets. The figure suggests that magazines advertising, blog volume and shoes buyer are temporally correlated. Dividing the data temporally at the date of release we see that magazines GRPs and the number of blogs exhibit an increasing trend pre-release, but a decreasing one post-release. While we illustrate a typical data pattern through this example, the pattern is not identical for all brands across product markets. In conclusion, these data are novel in the sense that they combine marketing data for both traditional and new media along with market outcomes from a market where new media have proven to be important (at least in terms of activity). Our data are also novel in the sense that they enable us to focus on new product launches. In addition, the fact that we have data from two different brand markets (frequently purchased consumer goods) with varying characteristics (e. . , more versus fewer new product launches) will help us determine if the relationship between market outcomes and new media as well as the relationship between new media and traditional media generalizes across product markets. Finally, the availability of the actual blog post text (for two categories) opens up the possibility to conduct a deeper text-mining analysis. VI-Managerial Implicati ons So far, we have discussed the findings purely from a statistical point of view. However, it may be useful to translate these findings in a manner that uantifies the effect sizes from a managerial point of view. We therefore ran two experiments – the first to get a sense of how managers could change resource allocation and the second to see how managers could use blog data to improve sales forecasts. In the first experiment, we use the estimates from the clothing market data. To illustrate short-term effects, in the experiment, we assumed there were only three periods, two in the pre-release and one in the post-release. Recall that blogging is outside the control of managers. We therefore used the marketing instrument under managerial control in our data set – traditional magazines advertising. In the experiment, we increased the Adstock by one percent in the first pre-release period. The output we measured was the percentage increase in the size of the daily volume sold in the post-release period. A ten percent increase in the Adstock results in a 3. 3 percent increase in the number of blogs at the second pre-release period. As a result of this increase in the Adstock, we find that the net increase in the sales volume is 2. 1 percent. A decomposition of this overall increase due to traditional media versus new media suggested that the increase in the Adstock directly enhances the sales by 0. 13 percent while the interaction between blogging and advertising increases the sales by 0. 1 percent. Furthermore, the largest and most significant increase in the sales volume at post-launch is led by the indirect impact from advertising via blogging activity, which accounts for 1. 9 percent. Similar experiment for the other product markets also support these findings with the overall effect being slightly smaller for shoes (0. 4%). In addition to simulating the short-term effects of advertising, we use a simulation setting similar to the above experiments and expand the time horizon from one period to ten periods. The largest indirect effect of the ten percent increase in Adstock decays slower than do the other two effects across two product categories. The peaks of the indirect effects are located at the third period for t he clothing and at the second period for the shoes. These are resulted from the larger estimates of the carry-over constants of Adstock and Blogstock at post-launch in the blog equations. In the second experiment, we hold out the last observation from each brand and re-estimated the model. We then use the model estimates for prediction and computed the difference in the predicted value and the actual data across all the held out observations. We do this for the full model and a restricted version of the full model where the response coefficients for the number of blogs and the cumulative number of blogs were set to zero. Thus, the difference in prediction (based on the Root Mean Square Deviation) between these two models shows the extent to which the use of blog data can improve sales forecasts. The improvement in RMSD is very high for shoes, and modest for clothing. VII-Conclusion, Limitations and Directions for Future Research This paper adds to the very limited, but rapidly growing field of research into the effectiveness of new media, especially in the case of new product launches. Using a unique dataset from two product markets (a major new media market), we are able to combine into a single source, data on market outcomes, traditional media (magazines advertising) and new media (volume and content of blogs). We used a simultaneous equation model to capture the effect of new media on market outcomes and the effect of market outcomes on new media. While this in itself is somewhat novel, we were also able to include the major marketing activity (mgazines advertising) in both equations, both directly and via interactions. Thus this allows us to investigate two open questions in this domain (a) whether new media (blogging activity in our case) leads to (differential) market outcomes and (b) whether traditional marketing actions (i. e. , magazines advertising) and new media act synergistically. We also make a first attempt, to the best of our knowledge, to use the content of the blog posts to shed â€Å"process† light on our econometric findings via a careful and methodical text mining analysis. Using data from clothing, and shoes brands, we find that patterns across the two categories showing clear linkages between traditional media, new media and market outcomes. In general, we find that cumulative blogs (Blogstock) are predictive of market outcomes, blogs and magazines advertising act synergistically, pre-launch advertising spurs blogging activity (that is predictive of marketing activity) but becomes less effective in inducing blogging activity post- launch and market outcomes also do have some effect on blogging activity. Our text mining results provide additional support for some of these findings. From a managerial point of view, in the experiment using clothing estimation results, we find that a one percent increase in the traditional marketing instrument (magazines advertising) leads to a median increase in market outcomes of 0. 2%, with a majority of the increase coming from the increase in blogging activity generated by the advertising pre-launch. Our analyses do also have a few limitations (driven mostly by the nature of the data). First, as noted earlier, the aggregate nature of our data makes it very hard to offer micro-level causal explanations of the effectiveness of new media and the synergistic relationship between new and traditional media. While our text mining analyses shed some light on our findings, it would be very beneficial to obtain datasets that link individual activity to market outcomes for a larger variety of new media. Second, our measures of new media are at present limited to blog content volume – and in two product markets, keywords and valence. ). Third, our model could be improved with the potential use of non-parametric models to model the effects of both old and new media and the associated interactions. Finally, our data do not contain information on all marketing instruments and hence we use proxies (such as lagged sales in the case of distribution). We hope that with better data, future research will be able to address these limitations.

All Quiet on the Western Front :: All Quiet on the Western Front Essays

  Whenever one reads or hears about World War I or World War II, you hear of the struggles and triumphs of the British, Americans or any of the other Allies. And they always speak of the evil and menacing German army. However, All Quiet on the Western Front gives the reader some insight and a look at a group of young German friends who are fighting in World War I. â€Å"This story is neither an accusation nor a confession, and least of all an adventure, for death is not an adventure to those who stand face to face with it. It will try simply to tell of a generation of men who, even though they may have escaped its shells, were destroyed by the war.....† The soldiers of this war felt they were neither heroes nor   did they know what they were fighting for. These soldiers were pulled from the innocence of their childhood, and thrown into a world of rage. Yet somehow they still managed to have heart and faith in man kind and could not look the opponent in the eye and kill him . For he was man too, he too had a wife and children at home, he too was pulled out of his home to fight for a cause he didn't understand.   The comrades were taught to fight. They were taught to kill the British and their allies. The comrades had no personal reason to fight with the other, except that it was an order and must be done. They were not fighting because they held a strong passion for their country, or felt deeply for the cause of the war. Albert simply states,   â€Å"...almost all of us are simple folk. And in France, too, the majority of men are laborers, workmen, or poor clerks. Now just why would a French blacksmith or a French shoemaker want to attack us? No, its merely the rulers. I had never seen a Frenchman before I came here, and it will be just the same with the majority of Frenchmen as regards us. They weren't asked about it any more then we were.†   These soldiers lacked passion for the war. They didn't feel heroic because they did not hate the French nor the British. Therefore they lacked zeal to fight the war and did not fit the title of hero, they clung on to their life at all times.

Interaction and Communication Essay

1.1: Explain how different forms of dementia may affect the way an individual communicates: Forms of dementia are all different therefore the individuals will be affected in different ways when it comes to communication, for example; one individual may find it difficult to express their words where as another individual may speak more fluently but their sentences not make any sense. The individual depending on what type of dementia and how far into the stage they are may find other ways communicating such as; using body language, facial expressions, gestures, eye contact and tone of voice. Read more:  Explain How Individuals With Dementia May Communicate Through Their Behaviour 1.2: Explain how physical and mental health factors may need to be considered when communicating with an individual who has dementia: Physical and mental health factors will also need to be considered when communicating with someone who has dementia, for example somebody who is deaf and has hearing aids will need to make sure that the carer has put the hearing aids in correctly, that they are switched on and turned right up. The carer will also need to speak in a loud and clear tone of voice to able the individual to communicate more easily. The carer will need to make sure the individual has their glasses on if they wear any so that the carer can keep direct eye contact with the individual so the communication is better. For physical health factors the carer will need to consider that the individuals may be in pain or have discomfort which will more than likely affect their communication. 1.3: Describe how to support different communication abilities and needs of an individual with dementia who has a sensory impairment: People with dementia may need extra support with different types of communication abilities when it comes to sensory impairment, for example; Vision: People with dementia may experience several changes in visual abilities, for example they may lose their ability to grasp visual images although there is nothing physically wrong with their eyes. People with dementia may no longer be able to understand what they see exactly due to changes in their brain. The carer could support the individual by; Marking the edges of steps with brightly coloured strips of tape. Place brightly coloured signs or simple pictures on important rooms such as the bathroom for easier identification. Smell: A loss or decrease in smell usually occurs with people with dementia. The carer could support the individual by; Having good quality smoke alarms and to check them frequently as the individual may not smell the smoke. Also keep the fridges clean and tidy. Touch: People with dementia may suffer from loss of touch and may not be able to tell someone when something is too hot or too cold or even when they are in pain or discomfort. The carer could support the individual by; Adjusting the water heaters to the correct temperature so it isn’t possible to scald anyone. Colour coding the water taps; blue for cold, red for hot. Placing signs on electricals and to have supervision with the individual when  they need to use them. Removing furniture that is hazardous or putting cushions on the corners to keep them padded. Taste: People with dementia may lose taste sensitivity which could lead them to putting anything and everything in their mouths, also it could stop them from wanting to eat. The carer could support the individual by; Remove/lock up medicine cabinet items such as tooth paste, hairspray, body washes/soaps. To have a child proof lock on the fridge if necessary. Keep items such as salt, sugar or spices away from reach in case of the resident eating too much of it. Hearing: People with dementia may have normal hearing but may struggle with understanding what someone is trying to say. This may result in confusion or over-stimulation. The carer could support the individual by; Avoiding loud noises in the home such as the radio or TV being too loud. Avoid large gatherings in the home if the person with dementia shows signs of agitation or distress in crowds. 1.4: Describe the impact the behaviours of carers and others may have on an individual with dementia: People with dementia can display certain behaviours which can be seen by others as inappropriate or unacceptable such as shouting, excessive screaming, insultive and inappropriate touching. What the carers and other should see this as is this is part of the individual’s dementia and handled in a polite manner, this isn’t the individual’s personal behaviour it is part of their condition. Shouting at a dementia resident because they are screaming will just make the  resident worse as it can cause further distress and confusion to them. By not paying attention to the resident when they make a request can leave the resident feeling like a burden to the system. Somebody with dementia could forget when they need the toilet or even where the toilet is and with a carer or others blaming the individual for continence issues this can make the individual feel sad and ashamed. Carers however should encourage and reassure the individuals. People with dementia should also be encouraged to take part in their daily routines if they are able to do so as this will help the individual to feel useful and helpful and involved. Carers who do everything and don’t allow the residents to get involved can leave the residents feeling useless and like a burden too. Be able to use positive interaction approaches with individuals’ with dementia: 4.1: Explain the difference between reality orientation approach to interactions and a validation approach: Reality orientation and validation approaches are quite different as reality orientation is all about here and now, meaning the time of day, where they are and what they are doing, where as the validation approach is when the carer would accept and take on board what the individual is saying but to not correct them when they are wrong as in the approach the carer is focusing more on the indivdual’s feelings rather that the content of speech. References: Websites: www.caringnews.com www.fightdementia.org.au

Divorce Is A Process That Many People Around The World Go...

Divorce is a process that many people around the world go through. Over the last couple of decades, the rate of marriages that end in divorce has been steadily increasing. There are numerous factors in which a marriage can fail and end up in divorce. The effects of divorce are immense; it permanently weakens the bond or relationship between a child and their parents. Some of the most common results that divorce has on children include the fact that children tend to blame themselves, there is a feeling of uncertainty in elements of life, there are behavioral issues that arise, and often becomes a challenge to balance a sense of stability between the separate parents. These are just a few of the most common challenges that children face when presented with the reality of divorce in the family. Children look to their parents for strength, comfort, stability, and support. When parents of children of any age make the decision to get divorced there becomes the topic of what is forever, and what will become wavering. While many people go through a divorce, many suffer from the impacts on their mind and emotions. Children may be battered and injured by factors that are directly or indirectly associated with the divorce: reduced parenting time with one or both parents; financial instability; relocation, which involves changing schools and losing friends; and the inconvenience of traveling between the parents’ homes (Bernet,2015). A preschooler’s reaction to and ability toShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Divorce On Children s Life997 Words   |  4 PagesMany times when people get a divorce they tend to not take into consideration about their kids, whether they are five, ten, or seventeen. They go along with the divorce not realizing that this poor child s life is about to be turned upside down. 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Children are often viewed as a back burner issueRead MoreHumans are known to all mostly be social creatures, it is their nature.Various things come from1400 Words   |  6 PagesThe answer can possibly go in a million different directions, but in order to fix anything, you must realize that emotional stability is affected most commonly in the early years of life. To start off somewhere, we must make sure that family home life isn’t disturbing the child’s emotion, one major factor that would affect a child is divorce. Divorce can be very lethal to the mind, and affect the victim in many ways including emotionally and or physically. Thus, if divorce affects the child so majorlyRead MoreRelationship Between Domestic Partnership And Marriage899 Words   |  4 PagesRelationship As They Call It Statistics state that there are 112 million unmarried people over the age of 18 in the United States. This is nearly 47 percent of the adult population. While domestic partnership has increased, marriage has decreased by over 50 percent in the years of 1970-2010. People have various opinions about domestic partnership and marriage because of its different level of recognition. These relationships are somehow a way to gain some protection or support under the law. DomesticRead MoreKate Weiner s Fly Away Home1396 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Divorce isn’t such a tragedy. A tragedy’s staying in an unhappy marriage, teaching your children the wrong things about love. Nobody ever died of divorce,† states Jennifer Weiner, a New York Times Bestselling author, in her novel, Fly Away Home. Although Weiner has a point in voicing that a dispirited and forlorn relationship can corrupt the innocent mentality of children, it is vital that she also considers the darker, more si nister side of divorce. To put the term ‘divorce’ simply, it â€Å"is what